Match List-I with List-II
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List-I Laws/properties |
List-II Statements |
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(A) Colligative properties |
(I) for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in the solution. |
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(B) Henry's law |
(II) the total pressure over the solution phase in the container will be the sum of the partial pressures of all the components of the solution. |
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(C) Raoult's law |
(III) depends on the number of solute particles, irrespective of their nature. |
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(D) Dalton's law of partial pressures |
(IV) at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas present above the surface of a liquid or solution. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
The four laws describe different aspects of solutions: Raoult’s law and Dalton’s law deal with the vapour pressure above a solution of volatile liquids, Henry’s law with the solubility of a gas, and colligative properties with the effect of the number of solute particles.
(A) Colligative properties — This matches (III) depends on the number of solute particles, irrespective of their nature. Relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure all depend only on how many particles are dissolved.
(B) Henry’s law — This matches (IV) at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas present above the surface of a liquid or solution. In terms of mole fraction:
\( \displaystyle p = K_H\,x \)
(C) Raoult’s law — This matches (I) for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in the solution. For component 1:
\( \displaystyle p_1 = p_1^{\circ}\,x_1 \)
(D) Dalton’s law of partial pressures — This matches (II) the total pressure over the solution phase in the container will be the sum of the partial pressures of all the components of the solution.
\( \displaystyle p_{\text{total}} = p_1 + p_2 \)
Shortcut: (A)-(III) appears in Options (2) and (3); of these, only Option (2) has (B)-(IV).