Match List I with List II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

The correct answer is option 1. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I).

Let us go through each enzyme and its respective substrate in detail:

A) Urease: (III) \(NH_3\) and \(CO_2\)

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into two molecules of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and one molecule of carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)).

The chemical reaction catalyzed by urease is:

\[ \text{Urea} + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2NH_3 + CO_2 \]

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver, transported in the blood, and excreted by the kidneys. Urease is found in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and some marine organisms.

In the given options, urease matches with option (III), which states that urease acts on ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)).

B) Maltase: (IV) Maltose

Maltase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose into two molecules of glucose.

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by a glycosidic bond. Upon hydrolysis by maltase, this bond is broken, releasing two glucose molecules.

The chemical reaction catalyzed by maltase is:

\[ \text{Maltose} + H_2O \rightarrow 2 \text{Glucose} \]

Maltase is found in various organisms, including humans, where it plays a crucial role in carbohydrate digestion.

In the given options, maltase matches with option (IV), which states that maltase acts on maltose.

C) Invertase: (II) Glucose and fructose

Invertase, also known as sucrase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose linked by a glycosidic bond. Invertase breaks this bond, yielding glucose and fructose.

The chemical reaction catalyzed by invertase is

\[ \text{Sucrose} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Glucose} + \text{Fructose} \]

Invertase is found in various organisms and is particularly important in plants and microorganisms for sucrose metabolism.

In the given options, invertase matches with option (II), which states that invertase acts on glucose and fructose.

D) Diastase: (I) Starch

Diastase is a collective term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into simpler carbohydrates, such as maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins.

Starch is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units. Diastase breaks down the glycosidic bonds between these glucose units, leading to the formation of smaller carbohydrate molecules.

The specific products of starch hydrolysis depend on the type of diastase and the reaction conditions.

In the given options, diastase matches with option (I), which states that diastase acts on starch.

So, the correct match is: 1. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

Each enzyme matches with its respective substrate based on their biochemical functions and reactions they catalyze.