The correct answer is Option (1) → It is a universal law. ##
Based on the principles of physics and circuit theory, the statement that is NOT true about Ohm's Law is:
"It is a universal law."
Logical Verification of the Options
- It is a universal law (False): Unlike the Law of Gravitation or Conservation of Energy, Ohm's Law is not universal. It is an empirical observation that holds true only for specific materials (ohmic conductors) under constant physical conditions like temperature. It does not apply to non-ohmic devices like semiconductors, diodes, or vacuum tubes.
- $V = IR$ (True): This is the standard mathematical expression of Ohm's Law, where $V$ is potential difference, $I$ is current, and $R$ is resistance.
- Resistance is the constant of proportionality (True): According to the law, current is directly proportional to voltage ($I \propto V$). The constant that relates these two variables is the electrical resistance ($R$).
- Not all devices follow Ohm's Law (True): Devices that do not maintain a linear relationship between voltage and current are called "non-ohmic." Examples include LEDs, transistors, and electrolytes.
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