The Gupta rulers imposed a fine called _______ which was a plough tax paid by every cultivator owning a plough.

Halivakara

The correct answer is Option 3- Halivakara

The Gupta rulers imposed a fine called Halivakara which was a plough tax paid by every cultivator owning a plough.

Halivakara was one of the main sources of revenue for the Gupta Empire. It was a land tax that was paid by all farmers who owned a plough. The tax was collected annually, and it was used to fund the empire's military, bureaucracy, and other expenses.

The Halivakara was a relatively fair tax, as it was based on the amount of land that a farmer owned. However, it could be a burden for small farmers, who often struggled to make ends meet.

The Gupta Empire was a golden age in Indian history. It was a time of peace and prosperity, and the Gupta rulers made significant contributions to art, science, and literature. However, the empire eventually collapsed in the 6th century CE, due to a combination of factors, including invasions from the north and internal political instability.