Management is a process because:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → There are several interrelated and interdependent functions involved in management.
Option (1) It is goal-oriented and unites the efforts of different individuals towards common goals. — Incorrect. Being goal-oriented is a separate feature: management exists to achieve goals.
Option (2) There are several interrelated and interdependent functions involved in management. — Correct. A process is a series of functions: planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, and managers perform them to get things done.
Option (3) It is a group activity, as an organisation is a collection of diverse individuals with different needs. — Incorrect. This explains why management is a group activity.
Option (4) It is an intangible force whose presence is felt in the way the organisation functions. — Incorrect. This explains why management is an intangible force.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Introduction … You have observed that Smita’s work as a manager consists of a series of different activities or functions aimed at achieving the goals of the organisation. These interconnected and interdependent functions are part of management. Successful organisations do not achieve their goals by chance but by following a deliberate process called ‘management’. …” “Concept … Process in the definition means the primary functions or activities that management performs to get things done. These functions are planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling which we will discuss later in the chapter and the book. …” |