Read the passage given below and answer the following question .
Assertions of tribal identity are on the rise. This can be laid at the door of the emergence of a middle class within the tribal society. With the emergence of this class in particular, issues of culture, tradition, livelihood, even control over land and resources, as well as demands for a share in the benefits of the projects of modernity, have become an integral part of the articulation of identity among the tribes. There is, therefore, a new consciousness among tribes now, coming from its middle classes. The middle classes themselves are a consequence of modern education and modern occupations, aided in turn by the reservation policies…

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between economic and ethnic-cultural issues in tribal movements?

Economic and ethnic-cultural issues may reinforce each other, but increasing social differentiation can also make them diverge.

The correct answer is Option 3: Economic and ethnic-cultural issues may reinforce each other, but increasing social differentiation can also make them diverge.

Tribal movements are not driven by a single issue. Demands for control over land, forests and other resources often exist alongside demands for the protection of language, customs and cultural identity. As tribal societies become more socially and economically differentiated, different groups within the same community may emphasise different concerns. This makes tribal movements more diverse rather than uniform.

Option 1: Economic issues always replace ethnic-cultural concerns as tribal societies modernise. Incorrect. Economic demands do not eliminate cultural concerns. Both types of issues can continue to exist together and may even strengthen one another.

Option 2: Ethnic-cultural identity becomes irrelevant once control over natural resources is achieved. Incorrect. Cultural identity remains important even when economic demands are addressed because communities also seek recognition, dignity and preservation of their traditions.

Option 4: Economic issues and ethnic-cultural issues arise from unrelated historical processes. Incorrect. These issues are often interconnected. Control over resources and protection of cultural identity frequently influence each other within tribal movements.