The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (B) and (C) only
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(A) Planning and controlling are essentially one and the same. Incorrect. They are two separate, distinct, but interconnected functions of management. Planning is looking ahead (setting standards/goals), and controlling is looking back (measuring performance/taking corrective action).
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(B) Controlling is the part of planning process. Incorrect. Controlling is a separate function. It follows planning, but it is not a step within the planning process itself. However, controlling does provide input for future planning, often called the "planning-controlling cycle."
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(C) Controlling can be a substitute for planning. Incorrect. Controlling measures performance against the standards set during planning. If there is no plan (no standard), there is nothing to control against. Controlling cannot exist without planning.
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(D) Planning without controlling is meaningless. Correct. Planning sets the path, but without controlling, there is no way to check if the path is being followed or if the goals are being achieved. The plan is effectively useless if performance is not monitored.
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