Availability of special schools or segregated schooling for the differently abled may be understood as a measure of _______.

Social exclusion

The correct answer is Option (1) → Social exclusion

The availability of special schools or segregated schooling for the differently-abled may be understood as a measure of **social exclusion**.

Social exclusion refers to the processes by which individuals or groups are systematically marginalized or prevented from fully participating in various aspects of society, including education. Segregated schooling can perpetuate the marginalization of differently-abled individuals by isolating them from mainstream educational opportunities, limiting their interactions with peers who do not have disabilities, and reinforcing societal attitudes that view them as separate or inferior. In contrast, social inclusion involves promoting equal opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their abilities, and ensuring that they have access to the same educational resources and experiences as their peers.