The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability but also due to the deterioration of the quality of agricultural land. Soil erosion, waterlogging, salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation. What happens if the land is consistently used without managing its fertility? The land is degraded and productivity declines.

Degraded lands such as waterlogged and marshy areas, land affected by salinity and alkalinity and land with or without scrub, are caused/formed by which of the following?

Both options 1 and 2

There are other types of degraded lands such as waterlogged and marshy areas, land affected by salinity and alkalinity and land with or without scrub, which have largely been caused by natural as well as human factors.