What is the atomic number of sulphur?

16

The correct answer is option 3. 16.

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons found in the nucleus of its atoms. For sulfur, which has an atomic number of 16:

1. Protons: Sulfur atoms contain 16 protons in their nuclei. This defines sulfur as an element because the number of protons determines the identity of an element.

2. Electrons:  In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, a sulfur atom also has 16 electrons, balancing the positive charge of the protons.

3. Atomic Symbol: The atomic symbol for sulfur is "S."

4. Location in the Periodic Table: Sulfur is located in Group 16 (also known as the Oxygen Group or Chalcogens) of the periodic table. Elements in this group typically have six valence electrons and share similar chemical properties.

5. Natural Occurrence: Sulfur is a non-metal and is found in various forms in nature, including elemental sulfur, sulfide minerals, sulfate minerals, and in organic compounds.

Understanding the atomic number of an element is fundamental in chemistry because it determines the element's identity and its placement within the periodic table, which in turn influences its chemical properties and behavior in reactions.