Comparative statements in financial analysis are also known as:

Correct answer: Option (4) → Horizontal analysis

Concept: Tools of financial analysis, from Analysis of Financial Statements.

Comparative statements place figures for two or more periods side by side to reveal the trend and direction of the financial position and operating results. Because the comparison runs across periods, NCERT states this is also known as “horizontal analysis” – as distinct from common-size statements, which are “vertical analysis.” Hence Option (4).