Match List – I with List – II.
| List – I (Transformer) | List – II (Method to minimise the losses) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Flux leakage | (I) | Laminated core |
| (B) | Energy loss due to resistance of winding | (II) | By winding the primary and secondary one over the other |
| (C) | Eddy current loss | (III) | Using thick wires |
| (D) | Hysteresis | (IV) | By using soft iron core |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
A real transformer loses a little energy in four ways, and each loss has its own remedy in the design of the winding or the core.
(A) Flux leakage — this matches (II) By winding the primary and secondary one over the other. Leakage occurs when part of the primary flux does not link the secondary; winding the two coils over each other makes the same flux link both.
(B) Energy loss due to resistance of winding — this matches (III) Using thick wires. The heat loss \( I^{2}R \) in the windings falls when the resistance is made small with thick wire.
(C) Eddy current loss — this matches (I) Laminated core. Thin insulated sheets cut the paths of the eddy currents induced in the iron core.
(D) Hysteresis — this matches (IV) By using soft iron core. Soft iron has a narrow hysteresis loop, so the energy lost in repeated magnetisation reversal is small.
NCERT (2026-27):
Transformers – “… (i) Flux Leakage: There is always some flux leakage; … It can be reduced by winding the primary and secondary coils one over the other. (ii) Resistance of the windings: … In high current, low voltage windings, these are minimised by using thick wire. (iii) Eddy currents: … The effect is reduced by using a laminated core. (iv) Hysteresis: … The resulting expenditure of energy in the core appears as heat and is kept to a minimum by using a magnetic material which has a low hysteresis loss.”