What is the reason for the stability of lyophilic colloids?

Both option (1) and (2)

The correct answer is option 3. Both option (1) and (2).

The correct reason for the stability of lyophilic colloids is: Both option (1) and (2).

Solvation of the colloidal particles: Lyophilic colloids, meaning "solvent-loving," have a strong affinity for the dispersion medium (usually water). This affinity leads to the formation of a solvation layer around the colloidal particles. This layer acts as a protective barrier, preventing the particles from aggregating and precipitating out of the solution.

Same charge on all colloidal particles: In some cases, lyophilic colloids can acquire a similar electrical charge on their surfaces due to the interaction with the solvent. This like charge repulsion prevents the particles from clumping together, further contributing to their stability.

So, both factors - solvation and similar charges - play a crucial role in the stability of lyophilic colloids.

The other options are not entirely accurate:

The fact that they are organic substances: While many lyophilic colloids are organic, it's not the sole reason for their stability. Inorganic substances can also form lyophilic colloids if they have a strong affinity for the solvent.

Same charge on all colloidal particles (alone): While charge can contribute, solvation is a more dominant factor for lyophilic colloid stability.