Match List I with List II.

(A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

The correct answer is option 4. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I).

Let us explain each type of magnetism and their corresponding properties:

A. Diamagnetic:

Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by an external magnetic field. This repulsion occurs because when diamagnetic materials are exposed to a magnetic field, they generate small magnetic fields in the opposite direction to the applied field. Examples of diamagnetic materials include water, copper, and gold.

B. Paramagnetic:

Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted by a magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, paramagnetic materials develop a magnetic moment in the direction of the applied field, causing them to be weakly attracted to the field. This attraction arises due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the atoms, which align themselves with the external magnetic field. Examples of paramagnetic materials include oxygen, aluminum, and platinum.

C. Ferromagnetic:

Ferromagnetic materials exhibit permanent alignment of magnetic moments, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. When exposed to a magnetic field, ferromagnetic materials strongly attract and retain magnetization after the removal of the external field. This behavior arises due to the presence of unpaired electrons and the alignment of atomic magnetic moments within the material. Examples of ferromagnetic materials include iron, nickel, and cobalt.

D. Ferrimagnetic:

Ferrimagnetic materials have two types of magnetic ions with different magnetic moments. The unequal number of alignments between the two types of ions results in a net magnetic moment. Ferrimagnetic materials are weakly attracted to magnetic fields but may exhibit permanent magnetization. Examples of ferrimagnetic materials include magnetite \((Fe_3O_4)\) and ferrites.

Each type of magnetism exhibits unique properties that arise from the behavior of electrons and atomic magnetic moments within the material. Understanding these properties is essential for various applications, including magnetic materials engineering, electronics, and medical diagnostics.