Charge on a conducting metal sphere is present:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → on the surface of the sphere
In the static case the free electrons of a conductor arrange themselves until the electric field inside the metal is zero. Take any closed surface inside the metal: the field on it is zero, so the flux is zero, and by Gauss’s law it encloses no net charge. This holds however small the surface is made, so no excess charge can sit in the interior; all of it lies on the outer surface of the sphere. It makes no difference whether the sphere is solid or hollow.
NCERT (2026-27):
Electrostatics of Conductors – “… A neutral conductor has equal amounts of positive and negative charges in every small volume or surface element. When the conductor is charged, the excess charge can reside only on the surface in the static situation. This follows from the Gauss’s law. … This means there is no net charge at any point inside the conductor, and any excess charge must reside at the surface.”