Many countries have reached an agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Which of the following is one such agreement?

Kyoto Protocol

The correct answer is option 2. Kyoto Protocol.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that was established as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The primary goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to address global climate change by reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere. Here's an explanation:

1. Background:

Adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 2005. It represents a global effort to build on the commitments made by countries in the UNFCCC, which was adopted in 1992.

2. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets:

The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries, collectively known as Annex I parties. These countries committed to reducing their overall greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels during the first commitment period (2008-2012).

3. Mechanisms to Achieve Targets:

The Kyoto Protocol introduced flexible mechanisms to help countries meet their emission reduction targets cost-effectively. These mechanisms include emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI). They allow countries to trade emissions allowances, invest in emission reduction projects in other countries, and collaborate on projects that reduce emissions.

4. Subsequent Agreements:

While the Kyoto Protocol was an important step in addressing climate change, subsequent international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement adopted in 2015, have aimed to build upon and strengthen global efforts to combat climate change.

5. Montreal Protocol:

The Montreal Protocol, mentioned in the options, is a different international environmental agreement. It specifically addresses the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances, not greenhouse gases.

6. Environmental Protection Act, 1986:

The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, is an Indian legislation that provides for the protection and improvement of the environment. While it addresses various environmental issues, it is not a specific international agreement on climate change.

In summary, the Kyoto Protocol is a significant international treaty focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with legally binding commitments from developed countries. The global community continues to work on evolving and strengthening international agreements to address the challenges of climate change.