Read the passage and answer the question:

Foreign policy is always dictated by ideas of national interest. In the period after 1990, Russia, though it continues to be an important friend of India, has lost its global pre-eminence. Therefore, India’s foreign policy has shifted to a more pro-US strategy. Besides, the contemporary international situation is more influenced by economic interests than by military interests. This has also made an impact on India’s foreign policy choices. At the same time, Indo-Pakistan relations have witnessed many new developments during this period. While Kashmir continues to be the main issue between the two countries, there have been many efforts to restore normal relations. This means that cultural exchanges, movement of citizens and economic cooperation would be encouraged by both countries.

Which of the following reason was responsible for India signing the 'Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation' with Russia in 1971?

All of the above.

The correct answer is Option 4 - All of the above.

Option 1- The US-China rapprochement that began in the late 1960s
Option 2- Henry Kissinger's secret visit to China via Pakistan in July 1971.
Option 3- Support to Pakistan from US and China.
Option 4- All of the above.

During the 1970s war, support for Pakistan came from the US and China. The US-China rapprochement that began in the late 1960s resulted in a realignment of forces in Asia. Henry Kissinger, the adviser to the US President Richard Nixon, made a secret visit to China via Pakistan in July 1971. In order to counter the US-Pakistan-China axis, India signed a 20-year Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Soviet Union in August 1971. This treaty assured India of Soviet support if the country faced any attack.