Foreign policy is consistently guided by the pursuit of national interests. In the post-1990 era, Russia, while remaining a significant ally for India, experienced a decline in its global prominence. Consequently, India's foreign policy has leaned more towards embracing a pro-US orientation. Concurrently, the prevailing global landscape places greater emphasis on economic considerations over military ones, influencing India's foreign policy decisions. Meanwhile, Indo-Pakistan relations have undergone substantial evolution during this period. Despite the persistent Kashmir dispute, concerted endeavors have been undertaken to normalize relations. This approach entails fostering cultural exchanges, facilitating citizen mobility, and promoting economic collaboration between the two nations.

Which of the following reason was responsible for India signing the Treaty of peace friendship and Cooperation with Russia in 1971?

All of the above.

Support for Pakistan came from the US and China. The US-China rapprochement that began in the late 1960s resulted in a realignment of forces in Asia. Henry Kissinger, the adviser to the US President Richard Nixon, made a secret visit to China via Pakistan in July 1971. In order to counter the US-Pakistan-China axis, India signed a 20-year Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Soviet Union in August 1971. This treaty assured India of Soviet support if the country faced any attack.