Which element’s symbol is derived from the Greek name hydrargyrum, meaning ‘liquid silver’ – indicating its shiny surface?

Mercury

The correct answer is option 3. Mercury.

The element whose symbol is derived from the Greek name hydrargyrum, meaning 'liquid silver', indicating its shiny surface, is Mercury.

The symbol for mercury, Hg, is derived from its Latin name "hydrargyrum," which originates from the Greek words "hydr-" meaning water and "argyros" meaning silver. Therefore, "hydrargyrum" translates to "liquid silver," which aptly describes mercury's shiny, silvery appearance in its liquid state.

Mercury is a unique element known for its distinctive properties. It is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, with a melting point of -38.83°C (-37.89°F) and a boiling point of 356.73°C (674.11°F). Its shiny surface and silvery color resemble that of silver, hence the association with the term "liquid silver."

Due to its unique properties, mercury has been used in various applications throughout history, including thermometers, barometers, electrical switches, and dental amalgams. However, its toxicity has led to restrictions on its use in many products and industries.

In summary, the symbol for mercury, Hg, is derived from the Greek name "hydrargyrum," meaning 'liquid silver,' which accurately reflects its shiny surface and silvery appearance in its liquid state.