Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I (Situation) | List-II (Point about controlling) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Workers see a strict watch through CCTVs as a restriction on their freedom. | (I) | Critical point control |
| (B) | A small firm cannot justify the time, effort and money that a control system calls for. | (II) | Resistance from employees |
| (C) | A factory watches a rise in its labour cost more closely than a rise in its postal charges. | (III) | Management by exception |
| (D) | Only a rise in labour cost beyond the allowed 2 per cent is brought to the manager’s notice. | (IV) | Costly affair |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Workers see a strict watch through CCTVs as a restriction on their freedom. | (II) Resistance from employees | Employees often resist control because they see it as a restriction on their freedom. |
| (B) A small firm cannot justify the time, effort and money that a control system calls for. | (IV) Costly affair | Control needs a lot of expenditure, time and effort. A small firm cannot justify the expenses. |
| (C) A factory watches a rise in its labour cost more closely than a rise in its postal charges. | (I) Critical point control | Labour cost is a key result area. So a rise there hurts more than a rise in postal charges. |
| (D) Only a rise in labour cost beyond the allowed 2 per cent is brought to the manager’s notice. | (III) Management by exception | Only significant deviations beyond the permissible limit go to the management. |
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(iv) Costly affair: Control is a costly affair as it involves a lot of expenditure, time and effort. A small enterprise cannot afford to install an expensive control system. It cannot justify the expenses involved. …” “1. Critical Point Control: It is neither economical nor easy to keep a check on each and every activity in an organisation. Control should, therefore, focus on key result areas (KRAs) which are critical to the success of an organisation. These KRAs are set as the critical points. If anything goes wrong at the critical points, the entire organisation suffers. For instance, in a manufacturing organisation, an increase of 5 per cent in the labour cost may be more troublesome than a 15 per cent increase in postal charges.” “2. Management by Exception: Management by exception, which is often referred to as control by exception, is an important principle of management control based on the belief that an attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. Thus, only significant deviations which go beyond the permissible limit should be brought to the notice of management. Thus, if the plans lay down 2 per cent increase in labour cost as an acceptable range of deviation in a manufacturing organisation, only increase in labour cost beyond 2 per cent should be brought to the notice of the management. …”
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