Development of fruits without fertilization is known as -

The correct answer is Option (2) → Parthenocarpy

Option (1) Polyembryony — Incorrect. Polyembryony is the presence of more than one embryo in a seed, as in many Citrus and mango varieties. It is about embryos, not about fruits without fertilisation.

Option (2) Parthenocarpy — Correct. In parthenocarpy the ovary grows into a fruit without fertilisation. Since no ovule is fertilised, no seeds form, and the fruit is seedless.

Option (3) Pollination — Incorrect. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma of a pistil. It comes before fertilisation and does not by itself make a fruit.

Option (4) Embryogenesis — Incorrect. Embryogenesis is the development of the embryo from the zygote. It takes place only after fertilisation.

NCERT Extract:
Seed – “… In most plants, by the time the fruit develops from the ovary, other floral parts degenerate and fall off. However, in a few species such as apple, strawberry, cashew, etc., the thalamus also contributes to fruit formation. Such fruits are called false fruits (Figure 1.15b). Most fruits however develop only from the ovary and are called true fruits. Although in most of the species, fruits are the results of fertilisation, there are a few species in which fruits develop without fertilisation. Such fruits are called parthenocarpic fruits. Banana is one such example. Parthenocarpy can be induced through the application of growth hormones and such fruits are seedless.”