Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Adopted an optimistic view of human life with emphasis on human growth | (I) | Sigmund Freud |
| (B) | Used males as the prototypes of all personality development | (II) | Alfred Adler |
| (C) | Behaviour is purposeful and goal directed | (III) | Carl Jung |
| (D) | Human beings are guided by aims and aspirations | (IV) | Karen Horney |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
(A) Adopted an optimistic view of human life with emphasis on human growth — this matches (IV) Karen Horney. Horney, a disciple of Freud, adopted a more optimistic view of human life with emphasis on human growth and self-actualisation, and challenged Freud’s treatment of women as inferior.
(B) Used males as the prototypes of all personality development — this matches (I) Sigmund Freud. A major criticism of psychodynamic theory is that Freud used males as the prototype of all human personality development and overlooked female experiences and perspectives.
(C) Behaviour is purposeful and goal directed — this matches (II) Alfred Adler. The basic assumption of Adler’s individual psychology is that human behaviour is purposeful and goal-directed, and that personal goals are the sources of our motivation.
(D) Human beings are guided by aims and aspirations — this matches (III) Carl Jung. Jung saw human beings guided as much by aims and aspirations as by sex and aggression, and called his theory analytical psychology.
NCERT (2025-26): “Karen Horney : Optimism … Horney was another disciple of Freud who developed a theory that deviated from basic Freudian principles. She adopted a more optimistic view of human life with emphasis on human growth and self-actualisation.…” “Post-Freudian Approaches … (4) Freud has used males as the prototype of all human personality development. He overlooked female experiences and perspectives.…” “Alfred Adler : Lifestyle and Social Interest … Adler’s theory is known as individual psychology. His basic assumption is that human behaviour is purposeful and goal-directed. Each one of us has the capacity to choose and create. Our personal goals are the sources of our motivation.…” “Carl Jung : Aims and Aspirations … Jung worked with Freud in his early stages of career, but later on he broke away from Freud. Jung saw human beings guided as much by aims and aspirations as by sex and aggression.…” |