Match List I with List II:
| List I | List II | ||
| (A) | Jagannatha | (I) | A devotee of Shiva |
| (B) | Manikkavachakar | (II) | Anthologies of Alvars |
| (C) | Nalayira Divyaprabandham | (III) | A form of Vishnu |
| (D) | Karaikkal Ammaiyar | (IV) | Woman devotee of Shiva |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(A) Jagannatha — this matches (III) A form of Vishnu. At Puri, Orissa, the principal deity was identified, by the twelfth century, as Jagannatha (literally, the lord of the world), a form of Vishnu.
(B) Manikkavachakar — this matches (I) A devotee of Shiva. A twelfth-century bronze sculpture shows Manikkavachakar, a devotee of Shiva who composed beautiful devotional songs in Tamil.
(C) Nalayira Divyaprabandham — this matches (II) Anthologies of Alvars. By the tenth century the compositions of the 12 Alvars were compiled in an anthology known as the Nalayira Divyaprabandham (“Four Thousand Sacred Compositions”).
(D) Karaikkal Ammaiyar — this matches (IV) Woman devotee of Shiva. Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a woman devotee of Shiva who adopted the path of extreme asceticism; her compositions were preserved within the Nayanar tradition. She was a devotee of Shiva too, but (IV) names her as a woman devotee, which leaves (I) for Manikkavachakar.
NCERT (2026-27): “1.1 The integration of cults … One of the most striking examples of this process is evident at Puri, Orissa, where the principal deity was identified, by the twelfth century, as Jagannatha (literally, the lord of the world), a form of Vishnu. 2.3 Women devotees … Perhaps one of the most striking features of these traditions was the presence of women. For instance, the compositions of Andal, a woman Alvar, were widely sung (and continue to be sung to date). Andal saw herself as the beloved of Vishnu; her verses express her love for the deity. Another woman, Karaikkal Ammaiyar, a devotee of Shiva, adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order to attain her goal. Her compositions were preserved within the Nayanar tradition. These women renounced their social obligations, but did not join an alternative order or become nuns. Their very existence and their compositions posed a challenge to patriarchal norms.… …By the tenth century the compositions of the 12 Alvars were compiled in an anthology known as the Nalayira Divyaprabandham (‘Four Thousand Sacred Compositions’). The poems of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar form the Tevaram, a collection that was compiled and classified in the tenth century on the basis of the music of the songs.”
Fig. 6.1 A twelfth-century bronze sculpture of Manikkavachakar, a devotee of Shiva who composed beautiful devotional songs in Tamil |
