Match the following options in List 1 correctly with those in List 2:

(a)- iii, (b)- iv, (c)- ii, (d) i

The correct answer is Option 1- (a)- iii, (b)- iv, (c)- ii, (d) i

(a) Perestroika - (iii) means Restructuring

(b) Mikhail Gorbachev - (iv) Last leader of the Soviet Union

(c) Glasnost - (ii) means Openness

(d) Vladimir Lenin - (i) Founder of the Bolshevik Party



Mikhail Gorbachev (Born 1931), last leader of the Soviet Union (1985-91); introduced economic and political reform policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness).

Mikhail Gorbachev, who assumed the role of the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, is renowned for ushering in a transformative era characterized by innovative economic and political reforms encapsulated in "perestroika" (restructuring) and "glasnost" (openness). His leadership marked a pivotal shift in the Cold War dynamic, as he actively worked to halt the arms race with the United States and initiated the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and Eastern Europe. Gorbachev played a key role in the peaceful unification of Germany, contributing significantly to ending the protracted Cold War tensions. However, his legacy is also associated with the eventual disintegration of the Soviet Union, a development that carries mixed evaluations of his leadership.

Vladimir Lenin, born in 1870 and passing away in 1924, is celebrated as the founder of the Bolshevik Communist party and a pivotal figure in world history. He rose to prominence as the leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917, playing a critical role in the establishment of the USSR (Soviet Union) during the tumultuous period following the revolution, which lasted from 1917 to 1924. Lenin was not only a charismatic leader but also an exceptional thinker and practitioner of Marxism, a socio-political ideology that shaped his vision for a classless society. His influence extended far beyond Russia, serving as an inspiration to communists worldwide, and his legacy continues to be a subject of study and debate in the realms of history and political theory.