Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → Modern lifestyle of excesses in eating and drinking - Violation of basic principles of health

Option (1) Modern lifestyle of excesses in eating and drinking - Violation of basic principles of health — Correct. The modern lifestyle of excesses in eating, drinking and the fast-paced good life has led some people to violate the basic principles of health in what they eat, think or do.

Option (2) Health impairing behaviours such as smoking - Develop suddenly and are unpleasant at first — Incorrect. Both features are reversed. Health impairing behaviours such as smoking develop gradually and bring pleasant experiences for a while, which is why people keep them up.

Option (3) Stressed individuals - Less likely to expose themselves to pathogens — Incorrect. The direction is reversed. Stressed individuals are more likely to expose themselves to pathogens, the agents that cause physical illness.

Option (4) Long-term risk of health damaging behaviour - Usually overestimated by people — Incorrect. The direction is reversed. People tend to ignore the long-term damage of such behaviour and underestimate the risk it poses to their lives.

NCERT (2026-27): “Lifestyle
Stress can lead to unhealthy lifestyle or health damaging behaviour. Lifestyle is the overall pattern of decisions and behaviours that determine a person’s health and quality of life. Stressed individuals may be more likely to expose themselves to pathogens, which are agents causing physical illness. People who are stressed have poor nutritional habits, sleep less and are likely to engage in other health risking behaviours like smoking and alcohol abuse. Such health impairing behaviours develop gradually and are accompanied by pleasant experiences temporarily. However, we tend to ignore their long-term damaging effects and underestimate the risk they pose to our lives.”

“Studies have revealed that health promoting behaviour like balanced diet, regular exercise, family support, etc. play an important role in good health. Adhering to a lifestyle that includes balanced low fat diet, regular exercise and continued activity along with positive thinking enhances health and longevity. The modern lifestyle of excesses in eating, drinking and the so called fast-paced good life has led to violation of basic principles of health in some of us, as to what we eat, think or do with our lives.”