Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

The correct answer is Option (1) → Purpose served by an attitude - a background that makes it easier to decide how to act in new situations

Option (1) Purpose served by an attitude - a background that makes it easier to decide how to act in new situations — Correct. An attitude serves as a <strong>background for acting in new situations</strong>. It works like a mental 'blueprint', for example on how to behave when we meet a foreigner.

Option (2) Beliefs - attitudes or beliefs that contain a 'should' or 'ought' aspect — Incorrect. This meaning belongs to <strong>values</strong>, such as the idea that one should be honest. Beliefs are only the thought part of an attitude, with no 'should' in them.

Option (3) Values - the cognitive component of attitudes that forms the ground on which attitudes stand — Incorrect. This is the meaning of <strong>beliefs</strong>, such as belief in God or in democracy. Values are different: they carry a 'should' or 'ought' aspect and are hard to change.

Option (4) Valence - how positive or negative an attitude is, from mild to strong — Incorrect. How positive or negative an attitude is, and how strongly, is its <strong>extremeness</strong>. Valence only tells whether the attitude is positive, negative or neutral.