Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I | LIST-II | ||
| A. | Old Social Movements | I. | aims for total economic, social and political transformation |
| B. | Revolutionary Social Movements | II. | concerns about quality of life issues |
| C. | Ecological Movements | III. | assertion of identities in opposition to mainstream society |
| D. | Tribal Movements | IV. | aims for economic redistribution |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(A) Old Social Movements — this matches (IV) aims for economic redistribution. Old movements, such as working-class movements led by trade unions and parties, saw the reorganisation of power relations as their central goal and fought for better wages and a fairer share of resources.
(B) Revolutionary Social Movements — this matches (I) aims for total economic, social and political transformation. They attempt to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power, as in the Bolshevik revolution in Russia.
(C) Ecological Movements — this matches (II) concerns about quality of life issues. Like other new social movements, they are not about the distribution of power but about quality-of-life issues such as a clean environment, the forests and the water people live by.
(D) Tribal Movements — this matches (III) assertion of identities in opposition to mainstream society. In Jharkhand, literate adivasis wrote about their history and customs, which created a unified ethnic consciousness and a shared identity as Jharkhandis against the dominance of outsiders.
NCERT (2025-26): “8.3 Types of Social Movements Reformist, Redemptive, Revolutionary … Revolutionary social movements attempt to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power. The Bolshevik revolution in Russia that deposed the Tsar to create a communist state and the Naxalite movement in India that seeks to remove oppressive landlords and state officials can be described as revolutionary movements.… Distinguishing the new social movement from the old social movements … The old social movements clearly saw reorganisation of power relations as a central goal. The old social movements functioned within the frame of political parties. The Indian National Congress led the Indian National Movement.… …Today some believe that ‘old’ class-based political action led by trade unions and workers’ parties is on the decline. Others argued that in the affluent West with its welfare state, issues of class-based exploitation and inequality were no longer central concerns. So the ‘new’ social movements were not about changing the distribution of power in society but about quality-of-life issues such as having a clean environment.… …Literate adivasis began to research and write about their history and myths. They documented and disseminated information about tribal customs and cultural practices. This helped create a unified ethnic consciousness and a shared identity as Jharkhandis.…” |