The correct answer is Option (4) → (A) only
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Establishing a theocratic state was not a challenge for newly independent India. The leaders of the freedom movement were committed to creating a secular, democratic nation, not a state based on religion.
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Institutionalising democracy was a significant challenge. This involved drafting a constitution, holding the first general elections, and establishing the necessary institutions to ensure a functioning democracy.
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Defending the territorial integrity of India was another major challenge. This was due to the complex process of integrating over 500 princely states and the partition of the country, which led to widespread violence and displacement.
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Evolving policies for economic development and eradication of poverty was a fundamental challenge. India was a poor country with a largely agrarian economy and a high population. The government had to formulate policies to address poverty, industrialize the nation, and ensure equitable growth.
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