What is the term used to describe organisms that decompose dead organic matter and absorb the resulting inorganic materials?

Saprotrophs

The correct answer is Option (4) -Saprotrophs

Saprotrophs are organisms that decompose dead organic matter and absorb the resulting inorganic materials. They play a vital role in the detritus food chain by breaking down and recycling organic matter, such as dead plants, animals, and waste materials. Fungi and bacteria are common examples of saprotrophs.

These organisms secrete digestive enzymes that break down complex organic compounds into simpler, inorganic substances. They then absorb and utilize these nutrients for their own growth and metabolism. By decomposing dead organic matter, saprotrophs help release nutrients back into the environment, making them available for other organisms.

Unlike producers (option a), which convert solar energy into organic matter through photosynthesis, or herbivores (option b) and carnivores (option c), which obtain energy by consuming living organisms, saprotrophs obtain their energy and nutrients from non-living, decaying organic matter.

Therefore, saprotrophs are key decomposers in ecosystems, contributing to the breakdown and recycling of organic materials and playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling.