Assertion: India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro-river movements.

Reason: The dam on the Narmada river was constructed with the popular support of the people without any major protests being organised in the country.

The Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.

The correct answer is Option 4 - The Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.

Assertion: India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro-river movements.

Reason: The dam on the Narmada river was constructed with the popular support of the people without any major protests being organised in the country.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The dam on the Narmada river did not have popular support without major protests; instead, it faced significant opposition and led to one of the leading anti-dam movements in India.

Another group of movements are those involved in struggles against mega-dams. In every country where a mega-dam is being built, one is likely to find an environmental movement opposing it. Increasingly antidam movements are pro-river movements for more sustainable and equitable management of river systems and valleys. The early 1980s saw the first anti-dam movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign to save the Franklin River and its surrounding forests in Australia. This was a wilderness and forest campaign as well as anti-dam campaign. At present, there has been a spurt in mega-dam building in the South, from Turkey to Thailand to South Africa, from Indonesia to China. India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro-river movements. Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of the best known of these movements. It is significant to note that, in anti-dam and other environmental movements in India, the most important shared idea is non-violence.