What term is used to describe the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy by producers?

Photosynthesis

The correct answer is Option (2) - Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which producers, such as plants, algae, and certain bacteria, convert sunlight into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. The glucose produced serves as a source of energy and a building block for growth, while oxygen is released as a byproduct.

• Decomposition: This is the process by which decomposers break down dead organic matter into simpler substances, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
• Respiration: This is the process by which organisms convert glucose into energy.
• Predation: This is the process by which one organism (the predator) hunts and consumes another organism (the prey) for food.

Photosynthesis is unique to producers and is the fundamental process that drives the flow of energy through most ecosystems by providing the primary energy source for all other organisms in the food web.