The forces which work on the surface of the earth are called __________.

exogenic forces

The correct answer is option 4. exogenic forces.

Exogenic forces, also known as external forces or exogenic processes, are geological forces that work on the Earth's surface and are primarily driven by external factors.

These forces are responsible for shaping and modifying the Earth's surface through processes such as weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.

Unlike endogenic forces that originate from within the Earth, exogenic forces originate from external agents such as water, wind, ice, and gravity.

Some of the main exogenic forces include:

1. Weathering: Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface due to various physical, chemical, and biological processes.

2. Erosion: Erosion is the process of removing and transporting weathered materials, such as rock fragments and sediments, by agents like running water (rivers and streams), wind, glaciers, and gravity.

3. Transportation: Once materials are eroded, they are transported and carried away by various agents like rivers, glaciers, wind, and ocean currents to new locations.

4. Deposition: Deposition is the process where eroded materials come to rest and settle down in new locations, leading to the formation of various landforms like deltas, alluvial plains, and sand dunes.

5. Mass Wasting: Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, refers to the downslope movement of rock and soil due to gravity. Examples include landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows.

These exogenic forces constantly shape the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of diverse landscapes, landforms, and sedimentary deposits. They play a crucial role in the ongoing geological processes that shape the Earth's topography and influence the development of various ecosystems and environments.