China used the market system without losing political commitment and succeeded in raising the level of growth along with alleviation of poverty. Unlike India and Pakistan, which are attempting to privatise their PSEs, China has used the market mechanisnm to create additional social and economic opportunities. By retaining collective ownership of the land and allowing individual to cultivate lands, China has ensured social security in rural areas.

In which of the following sector(s) of the economy, China has surpassed both India and Pakistan?

Manufacturing sector

China has followed the classical development pattern of gradual shift from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services, India and Pakistan’s shift has been directly from agriculture to service sector.

Thus, we can say China surpassed both India and Pakistan in manufacturing sector.