Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

The correct answer is option 1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

(A) Liquation : (III) Sn:

Liquation is a metallurgical process used for the separation of metals with low melting points from those with higher melting points. The metal mixture is heated just above the melting point of the target metal. The metal with the lower melting point melts and can be separated from the solid impurities or metals with higher melting points.

Liquation is primarily used to refine tin (Sn). For example, in the refining of impure tin, the tin is heated until it melts and can be drained away from the solid dross or impurities, which remain solid because they have higher melting points

(B) Distillation : (IV) Zn

Distillation is a process that separates components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. In metallurgy, it is used to separate metals from their impurities or other metals by heating the mixture until the metal with the lower boiling point vaporizes. The vapor is then condensed to obtain the pure metal. This process is particularly useful for zinc (Zn). Zinc has a relatively low boiling point (around 907°C). During the refining of zinc, the ore or impure zinc is heated, causing the zinc to vaporize. The vapor is then collected and condensed into pure zinc.

(C) Zone refining : (I) In

Zone refining is a highly precise purification technique used to produce ultra-pure materials. A narrow region (zone) of a solid metal rod is melted, and as this molten zone moves along the rod, impurities are concentrated in the molten region and move with it. This process is repeated until the desired purity is achieved. Zone refining is commonly associated with semiconductor materials like silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), but it is also applicable to certain other metals requiring high purity, such as indium (In). In this context, indium is purified using zone refining to achieve the high levels of purity needed for specific applications in electronics.

(D) Mond Process : (II) Ni:

The Mond Process, also known as the carbonyl process, is used to extract and purify nickel (Ni). In this process, impure nickel is reacted with carbon monoxide at around 50-60°C to form nickel carbonyl, a volatile compound. The nickel carbonyl is then decomposed at higher temperatures (around 200°C), yielding pure nickel and releasing carbon monoxide. This process is specifically tailored for nickel and is used to produce highly pure nickel for industrial applications.

The correct match is: 1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

This detailed explanation covers the processes, their applications, and the reasons for the correct matching of each metallurgical process with the respective metal.