Which of the following floral structures transforms into the pericarp following fertilization?

Ovary wall

The correct answer is Option (3) The ovary wall.

After fertilization, the ovary undergoes changes and develops into a fruit. The ovary wall, also known as the pericarp, undergoes significant modifications to form the fruit. The pericarp may consist of different layers, including the exocarp (outermost layer), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (innermost layer), depending on the type of fruit.

The nucellus, which is a part of the ovule, does not directly contribute to the formation of the pericarp. The outer integument and inner integument are components of the ovule, and their role is in protecting the developing embryo sac and the megasporangium. They do not transform into the pericarp after fertilization.

Therefore, the correct statement is that the ovary wall forms the pericarp after fertilization.