Which of the following approach is not used for the treatment of cancer?

Vaccination

The correct answer is Option (3)- Vaccination

The common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. In radiotherapy, tumor cells are irradiated lethally, taking proper care of the normal tissues surrounding the tumor mass. Several chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells. Some of these are specific for particular tumors. Majority of drugs have side effects like hair loss, anemia, etc. Most cancers are treated by combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Tumor cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune system. Therefore, the patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as α-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.

Vaccination is a preventive measure aimed at protecting against infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens, they are not typically used as a primary treatment for existing cancer. Vaccination primarily focuses on preventing cancer rather than treating it.