Choose the correct statements for ortho and para nitrophenol

(A) They can be separated by steam distillation
(B) o-Nitrophenol undergoes intramolecular hydrogen bonding
(C) p-Nitrophenol undergoes inter molecular hydrogen bonding
(D) p-Nitrophenol is less volatile

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B), (C) and (D)

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (B), (C) and (D)

Let’s check each statement for o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol:

(A) They can be separated by steam distillation -- CORRECT
o-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular H-bonding, while p-nitrophenol is not. Hence, they can be separated.

(B) o-Nitrophenol undergoes intramolecular hydrogen bonding -- CORRECT

The –OH and –NO₂ groups are close enough in the ortho position.

(C) p-Nitrophenol undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding --- CORRECT

The para position prevents intramolecular bonding, so molecules associate via intermolecular H-bonding.

(D) p-Nitrophenol is less volatile --- CORRECT
Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, p-nitrophenol has a higher boiling point and lower volatility.