Sanskritization is a process of:

Upward mobility

The correct answer is Option (1) → Upward mobility

Sanskritization is a concept introduced by Indian sociologist M.N. Srinivas. It refers to the process by which lower caste groups seek upward social mobility by:

• Adopting rituals, practices, customs, and lifestyles of higher castes, particularly Brahmins.

• Changing food habits (e.g., turning vegetarian), observing religious purity, and embracing Sanskritic traditions.