Which element of Group 13 of the periodic table liquefies just above room temperature?

Gallium

The correct answer is option 1. Gallium.

Gallium (Ga) is the element from Group 13 of the periodic table that liquefies just above room temperature. 

Gallium is a metal that belongs to Group 13, also known as the boron group. It has the atomic number 31. Unlike most metals, gallium has a unique property where it liquefies just above room temperature, at around 29.76°C (85.57°F). This low melting point allows gallium to melt in the palm of a hand, which is a striking characteristic of this element.

Gallium's low melting point is due to its unique atomic structure and bonding characteristics. Gallium atoms have a relatively weak metallic bond compared to other metals, resulting in a lower melting point. As a result, even at slightly elevated temperatures, such as those found in the human body, gallium will begin to melt, making it a fascinating element to work with in various applications.

The low melting point of gallium makes it useful in various applications, such as in medical thermometers, where it serves as a non-toxic alternative to mercury. It is also used in some types of dental alloys, as well as in certain semiconductor applications.

In summary, gallium is the Group 13 element that liquefies just above room temperature due to its low melting point, making it a unique and intriguing element with diverse practical applications.