Which of the following is the most appropriate characteristic of redemptive social movements?

Redemptive Social movements focus on changing the personal consciousness and individual actions of their members.

The correct answer is Option (3) – Redemptive Social movements focus on changing the personal consciousness and individual actions of their members.

A redemptive social movement aims to bring about change in the personal beliefs, values, behaviour and actions of individuals rather than directly transforming the entire social or political system.

Other Options:

Option 1: Social movements which try to fight against the oppressors and overthrow the oppressing system. This describes revolutionary social movements, not redemptive movements.

Option 2: Redemptive social movements focus on parliamentary participation and mobilization of votes for their own group. This is related to political mobilisation and electoral politics, not the defining feature of redemptive movements.

Option 4: Social movements which are focusing on the eradication of class differences in the elite society. This is not the defining characteristic of redemptive social movements.