Which of the statements are true about globalisation?

A. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon
B. Globalisation began in 1991
C. Globalisation is the same thing as westernization
D. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon

B & D

The correct answer is Option (1) → B & D

• A. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon → Incorrect. Globalisation is multi-dimensional — it includes economic, cultural, political, technological, and social aspects.

• B. Globalisation began in 1991→ Correct in the Indian context, where liberalisation and globalisation reforms were introduced in 1991.

• C. Globalisation is the same thing as westernization: → Incorrect. Globalisation refers to the integration of economies and cultures across the globe, whereas westernization is the adoption of Western culture — the two are not the same.

•  D. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon: → Correct. It affects various spheres like culture, politics, economy, and society.

"Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations, and these must be adequately distinguished. It is wrong to assume that globalisation has purely economic dimensions, just as it would also be mistaken to assume that it is a purely cultural phenomenon. The impact of globalisation is vastly uneven — it affects some societies more than others and some parts of some societies more than others — and it is important to avoid drawing general conclusions about the impact of globalisation without paying sufficient attention to specific contexts."

Globalization and Westernization are not the same thing. Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries, economies, cultures, and societies around the world. Westernization, on the other hand, specifically refers to the spread or adoption of Western culture, values, customs, and practices in other parts of the world.

Note: There is an ambiguity in Statement B as globalisation in Indian context started mainly in 1991.