Read the passage and answer the following questions given:

The Indian nation-state is socially and culturally one of the most diverse countries of the world. It has a population of about 1.21 billion people, according to Census of India 2011 (Provisional), currently the second largest- and soon to become the largest- national population in the world. These billion-plus people speak about 1,632 different languages and dialects. As many as eighteen of these languages have been officially recognised and placed under the 8th Schedule of the Constitution, thus guaranteeing their legal status. In terms of religion, about 80.5% of the population are Hindus, who in turn are regionally specific, plural in beliefs and practices, and divided by castes and languages. About 13.4% of the population are Muslims, which makes Indian the world's thirds largest Muslim country after Indonesia and Pakistan. The other major religious communities are Christians (2.3%). Sikhs (1.9%). Buddhists (0.8%) and Jains (0.4%). Because of India's huge population, these small percentages can also add up to large absolute numbers.)

Assimilationist & integrationist strategies try to establish singular national identities.

Which of the following is not such a strategy?

Building multiple & complementary identities.

The correct answer is Option (3) → Building multiple & complementary identities.

Assimilation and Integration: These strategies generally aim to create a unified national identity, often prioritizing the dominant group's culture and language. They may involve:

Eliminating the autonomy of local or minority groups: This suppresses diverse cultures and traditions.

Adopting the dominant group's language as the only official national language: This marginalizes minority languages.

Promoting the dominant group's language and culture: This reinforces the dominant culture and can lead to the suppression of minority cultures.

Building multiple & complementary identities promotes diversity and recognizes the coexistence of various identities rather than attempting to establish a singular national identity, which is characteristic of assimilationist or integrationist strategies. The other options focus on promoting a dominant group's identity at the expense of minority or local groups.