Read the passage and answer following five question.

Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progress from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.

Above figure explains the three-staged model of demographic Transition Theory: The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high is the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

Demographic Transition conversion is based on:

Rural Agrarian to urban Industrial

The correct answer is Option (1) → Rural Agrarian to urban Industrial

The Demographic Transition is based on the transition from Rural Agrarian to Urban Industrial, as societies shift from predominantly agricultural and rural economies to industrialized and urbanized economies. In the initial stages of the demographic transition, societies are typically characterized by rural agrarian economies where the majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and related activities. These societies often have high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in slow population growth. As societies undergo economic development, advancements in technology and industrialization lead to a shift from agrarian-based economies to industrialized ones. This transition is accompanied by improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living standards, leading to a significant decline in mortality rates. During this stage, there is a notable shift in population from rural areas to urban centers as industrialization and urbanization take hold. This transition is characterized by lower birth rates, lower death rates, and a shift from agrarian occupations to industrial and service-based occupations in urban settings.