Industrial melanism is an observation that supports the theory of evolution through which of the following mechanisms?

Natural selection

The correct answer is Option (3) →Natural selection

Industrial melanism is an example of natural selection where darker-colored organisms (like the peppered moth) became more common in polluted environments because they were better camouflaged against predators on soot-covered surfaces. This demonstrates how environmental changes can lead to the selection of traits that enhance survival, supporting the concept of evolution by natural selection.