The inner cell mass of the embryo contains some cells which can give rise to all the tissues and organs. They are known as:

Stem cells

The correct answer is Option (4) → Stem cells

Fertilization refers to the process of the fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell, leading to the formation of a zygote.

Following fertilization, the haploid nucleus of the sperm cell combines with that of the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. The zygote initiates mitotic divisions while traveling through the isthmus of the oviduct, a process known as cleavage. These divisions give rise to 2, 4, 8, and eventually 16 daughter cells called blastomeres. The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called a morula . The morula continues to divide and transforms into blastocyst as it moves further into the uterus. Within the blastocyst, the blastomeres are organized into two distinct layers: the outer layer referred to as the trophoblast and an inner group of cells attached to the trophoblast known as the inner cell mass. The trophoblast layer becomes attached to the endometrium, while the inner cell mass differentiates into the embryo.

In the context of early embryonic development, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst  have the ability to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, which, in turn, give rise to all the specialized cells and tissues in the body. These cells are pluripotent stem cells, meaning they can develop into any tissue or organ of the body.

The trophoblast, on the other hand, contributes to the formation of extraembryonic tissues like the placenta, but it does not have the same potential to differentiate into all cell types as the inner cell mass does. The placenta itself is a vital organ for supporting the developing embryo but does not have the ability to give rise to all the diverse cell types found in the body.