Which of the following statements are correct? I. Wine and beer are m…

The correct answer is Option (1) → Only I

True. I. Wine and beer are made by fermenting the broth without the process of distillation. Yeast ferments the broth to make ethanol. Wine and beer are used without distillation; whisky, brandy and rum are distilled.

False. II. The byproducts of alcoholic fermentation include carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane. Yeast gives ethanol and CO₂. Methane is made by methanogens, such as those in biogas plants, not by alcoholic fermentation.

False. III. Penicillium species is typically used in fermenting malted cereals to produce alcohol. The organism used is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast). Penicillium notatum is the mould that gives the antibiotic penicillin.

Only statement I is correct.

NCERT Extract:
Fermented Beverages – “Microbes especially yeasts have been used from time immemorial for the production of beverages like wine, beer, whisky, brandy or rum. For this purpose the same yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae used for bread-making and commonly called brewer’s yeast, is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices, to produce ethanol. … Depending on the type of the raw material used for fermentation and the type of processing (with or without distillation) different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained. Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas whisky, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.”