In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court of India pronounce the theory of the 'Basic Structure ' of the constitution ?

Kesavananda Bharti Case, 1973

The correct answer is Option 1 - Kesavananda Bharti Case, 1973

The theory of the "Basic Structure" of the Constitution was pronounced by the Supreme Court of India in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala in 1973. This case established the principle that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure or framework. This decision has had far-reaching implications for the constitutional law of India, ensuring the stability and integrity of the Constitution while allowing for necessary amendments.
The Kesavananda Bharati case thus established a significant precedent, ensuring that while the Constitution can evolve through amendments, its core principles and essential features remain intact. This doctrine acts as a safeguard against arbitrary or radical changes to the Constitution, ensuring stability, continuity, and the preservation of the democratic and federal character of India.