India's ecological movements raised the following issues?
A. Big dams industrial pollution MFP
B. Deforestation subsistence livelihood
C. Land reform, MSP
D. Soil depletion flooding access to forest produce
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is option 3: A, B, D only
C. Land reform, MSP (Minimum Support Price) – Incorrect: These are primarily agrarian/economic policy issues, not central to ecological movements.
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A. Big dams, industrial pollution, MFP (Minor Forest Produce) – Correct. These are major concerns; movements opposed large dams due to displacement and environmental damage, protested industrial pollution, and demanded rights over MFP for forest dwellers.
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B. Deforestation, subsistence livelihood – Correct: These were central themes, especially in forest-based movements like Chipko, which protected forests to sustain the livelihoods of local people.
- D. Soil depletion, flooding, access to forest produce – Correct: Ecological movements often addressed environmental degradation like soil depletion and flooding due to deforestation and dam construction, as well as ensuring access to forest produce for local communities.