Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
The district administration has declared Kothapalli an open-defecation-free village after a two-year cleanliness campaign.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Kothapalli has been declared an open-defecation-free village by the district administration after a two-year cleanliness campaign.
Passive of “declare someone / something + what it is” (present perfect):
| Change | Active | Passive | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| Object becomes subject | Kothapalli | Kothapalli | Kothapalli receives the action, so it becomes the subject. |
| Tense kept | has declared | has been declared | “Has declared” is in the present perfect, so the passive stays in the present perfect: has / have been + past participle (V3). “Has” because Kothapalli is one village. |
| Title kept after the verb | an open-defecation-free village | an open-defecation-free village | “An open-defecation-free village” tells what Kothapalli now is. It is not a second object, so it stays right after “declared”. |
| Agent (by ...) | The district administration | by the district administration | The district administration is named, so the doer comes after “by”. |
| Full sentence | The district administration has declared Kothapalli an open-defecation-free village after a two-year cleanliness campaign. | Kothapalli has been declared an open-defecation-free village by the district administration after a two-year cleanliness campaign. |
Other verbs of this kind work the same way: appoint, elect, name, make. Example: The students have elected Seema the class monitor. → Seema has been elected the class monitor by the students.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: After a two-year cleanliness campaign, Kothapalli was declared an open-defecation-free village by the district administration. — Incorrect. “Was declared” is the simple past. The active “has declared” is in the present perfect.
Option 3: An open-defecation-free village has been declared Kothapalli by the district administration after a two-year cleanliness campaign. — Incorrect. The two parts are swapped. Kothapalli is the place that got the title, so it must be the subject, with the title after the verb.
Option 4: Kothapalli has declared an open-defecation-free village by the district administration after a two-year cleanliness campaign. — Incorrect. The word “been” is missing. “Has declared” is still active, so Kothapalli now seems to do the declaring.