Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

The correct answer is option 3. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II.

Let us go through the matching process step by step, with detailed explanations:

A. Solvent used in perfumes → IV. Ethanol

Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in the perfume industry. This is because ethanol can dissolve a variety of substances, including essential oils, which are the primary sources of fragrance in perfumes. Ethanol evaporates quickly, leaving behind the scent on the skin. Its relatively neutral smell makes it an ideal carrier for fragrance oils.

B. Starting material for picric acid → I. Phenol

Phenol (C₆H₅OH) is the starting material for synthesizing picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol). The process involves nitration, where phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form picric acid, which is a yellow crystalline compound commonly used as an explosive and in dyes.

C. Wood spirit → III. Methanol

Methanol (CH₃OH), also known as wood alcohol or wood spirit, is a type of alcohol that was historically produced by the destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is produced mainly from natural gas but retains the name "wood spirit" due to its origins.

D. By-product of the soap industry used in cosmetics → II. Glycerol

Glycerol (also known as glycerin) is a by-product of the soap-making process, specifically from the saponification of fats. During this process, triglycerides (fats) react with lye (sodium hydroxide) to produce soap and glycerol. Glycerol is widely used in the cosmetics industry for its moisturizing properties, as it helps to retain water in the skin.