What is the total number of periods and groups in the Modern Periodic Table?

Period: 7Group: 18

The correct answer is option 4. Period: 7Group: 18.

The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It organizes elements into periods (rows) and groups (columns), allowing for easy identification of element characteristics and trends.

Here is a brief explanation of the terms:

1. Periods (Rows): The periodic table consists of seven horizontal rows called periods. Each period represents the energy levels or electron shells occupied by the elements' valence electrons. As you move from left to right across a period, the atomic number increases, and the elements exhibit a gradual change in properties.

2. Groups (Columns): The periodic table also contains 18 vertical columns called groups or families. Elements within the same group share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost electron shell. For example, elements in Group 1 (alkali metals) have one valence electron, while elements in Group 17 (halogens) have seven valence electrons.

So, when we say "Period: 7 Group: 18," it means there are seven periods (rows) and eighteen groups (columns) in the modern periodic table. Each period corresponds to the successive energy levels of electrons in atoms, while each group represents elements with similar chemical properties due to their shared valence electron configurations.